Aims. To explore the differences in salivary BPI fold containing family A, member 1 (BPIFA1) concentration among type 2 diabetes\nmellitus (T2DM) subjects with various severities of chronic periodontitis and to determine whether BPIFA1 in saliva can be used as\na potential biomarker of T2DM. Methods. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 44 subjects with T2DM and 44 without\nT2DM (NDM). Additionally, demographic data and general health parameters, including fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body\nmass index (BMI), were collected. We also detected full-mouth clinical periodontal parameters including probing pocket depth\n(PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding index (BI), and plaque index (PLI). Salivary BPIFA1, tumor necrosis factor-�±\n(TNF-�±), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were also detected. Results. BPIFA1 in saliva was detected at relatively high\nlevels. T2DM subjects had decreased salivary BPIFA1 concentrations (P = 0 031). In T2DM subjects with nonperiodontitis or\nsevere periodontitis, the level of BPIFA1 was significantly lower compared with that of NDM. Salivary TNF-�± concentration\ndisplayed a similar trend to BPIFA1 in the NDM group. Conclusions. BPIFA1 protein is rich in saliva and might be used as a\npotential predictive biomarker of T2DM, especially in patients with severe periodontitis and nonperiodontitis. This trial is\nregistered with ChiCTR-ROC-17010310.
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